The Indigenous population in NSW is estimated to be the largest in the country and one of the fastest growing. Part of this growth appears to be driven by resident of NSW who were not identified as being Indigenous in the 2006 Census, but were identified as Indigenous in the most recent (2011) Census. The aim of this paper is to investigate the demographic characteristics of the NSW populations that were identified as being Indigenous in either the 2006 Census or the 2011 Census, thereby shedding some light on this identification change.